SUPPORTING AND SUBSTANTIATING REFERENCES RELATED TO THE PROPOSED CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONTROLLING THE EXPOSURE OF WORKERS IN HOSPITALITY WORKPLACES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE

 

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Cain, W., et al., "Ventilation Requirements in Buildings - I. Control of Occupancy Odor and Tobacco Smoke Odor," Atmospheric Environment, 17 (6): 1183-1197, 1983.

Clausen, G., et al., "The Influence of Aging, Particle Filtration and Humidity on Tobacco Smoke Odor," Clima 2000: Indoor Climate, Vol. 4, ed., P.O. Fanger: 345-349, 1985.

Clausen, G., et al., "Stability of Tobacco Smoke Odor in Enclosed Spaces", Indoor Air 3: Sensory and Hyperreactivity Reactions to Sick Buildings, Swedish Council for Building Research, eds., B. Berlund, et al.: 436-441, 1984.

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Curl, S., PE., et al., "A Building Owner’s Perspective on Indoor Air Quality", HPAC Engineering, August 1995.

Ensor, D.S., et al., "Particle-Size-Dependent Efficiency of Air Cleaners," IAQ ’91, 334-336, 1991.

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Hanley, J. T., et al., "Fractional Aerosol Filtraiton Efficiency of In-Duct Ventilation Air Cleaners," Indoor Air, 4: 169-178, 1994.

Hanley, J.T., et al., "Fractional Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Air Cleaners," Proceedings of Indoor Air ’93, 6: 369-374. 1993.

Hospitality Industry Standing Committee on Indoor Air Quality. "Report to the Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia on the Proposed Operating Instructions concerning Core Requirements Parts 4.70 through 4.83 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (BC Regulation 296/97). Submitted to the Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia October 30, 1998.

Jaisinghani, R.A., et al., "The Effectiveness of Air Cleaners Using an Environmental Tobacco Smoke Material Balance Model," IAQ ’89, Atlanta, 38-45, 1989.

Janssen, J., and D. Grimsrud, "Ventilation Standard Draft Out for Review", ASHRAE Journal: 43-45, November 1986.

Janssen, J., "Written Statement of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers," Testimony Before the U.S. House of Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, April 10, 1991.

Johansson, J., et al., "Long-Term Test of the Effect of Room Air Cleaners on Tobacco Smoke," Proceedings of Indoor Air ’93, 6: 387-392, 1993.

Knudesen, H., "Notes On SSPC 62 Appendix S: Ventilation Required Per Cigarette for Unadapted Persons, Adapted Persons and Adapted Smokers," Submission to ASHRAE SSPC 62, February 1995.

Leaderer, B., et al., "Ventilation Requirements in Buildings - II. Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide from Cigarette Smoking," Atmospheric Environment, 18 (1): 99-106, 1984.

Maino, Allyson and Ivanovich, Michael, "Accommodating Smoking in the Hospitality Industry". HPAC Engineering, October 1999, pp 45-50.

Moschandreas, D. and K. Vuilleumier, "Satisfaction Of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 Leads to Attainment of Acceptable IAQ in Hospitality Environments," Healthy Buldings/IAQ’97, Proceedings: Volume II: Office and Office Assembly Buildings, (eds), J. Woods, et al.: 517-522, 1997.

National Air Filtration Association (NAFA) Guide to Air Filtration, second addition, 1996,ISBN 1-884152-00-7, sections 5 and 8.

Ng, Dave; Yee, Lai Wan and Liao, Sarah., "Final Report Constancy Study for Indoor Air Pollution in Offices and Public Places in Hong Kong". Hong Kong Government Environmental Protection Department, Air Services Group. October 1997.

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Offermann, F.J., et al., "Performance Comparisons of Six Different Air Cleaners Installed in a Residential Forced Air System," IAQ ’91, Washington, 1991.

Offermann, F.J., et al., "Performance of Air Cleaners in a Residential Forced Air System," ASHRAE Journal, July, 51-57, 1992.

Olander, L., et al., "Tobacco Smoke Removal with Room Air Cleaners," Scandinavian Journal of Work & Environmental Health, 14: 390-397, 1988.

Owen, M.K., et al., "Relating Air Cleaner Efficiency to Indoor Air Quality," IAQ ’92, (0): 397-402, 1992.

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Rosenbaum, Wilfred L., and Sterling, Elia M., "Estimating Hospitality Industry Workers’ Exposure to and Health Risks from Environmental Tobacco Smoke under the Hospitality Industry of British Columbia’s Indoor Air Quality Ventilation Plan". October 29, 1998.

Ross, J.A., et al., "Controlling Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Offices,"HPAC Engineering, 76-83, May, 1996.

Shaughnessy, R.J., et al., "Effectiveness of Portable Indoor Air Cleaners in Particulate and Gaseous Contaminant Removal," Proceedings of Indoor Air ’93, 6: 381-386, 1993.

Shaughnessy, R.J., et al., "Effectiveness of Portable Indoor Air Cleaners: Sensory Testing Results," Indoor Air, 4: 179-188, 1994.

Sterling, E. M., Collett, C.W., Ross, J.A., "Assessment of Non-Smokers’ Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Using Personal-Exposure and Fixed-Location Monitoring". Indoor+Built Environment, 5:112-125, 1996.

Sterling, E. M., Collett, C.W., Ross, J.A., "Dilution Ventilation to Accommodate Smoking: A Case Study". HPAC Engineering, November: 81-88, 1996.

Sterling, E. M., Collett, C.W., Ross, J.A., "The Effectiveness of Designated Smoking Areas in Controlling Non-Smokers Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke". Indoor+Built Environment, 1997;6:29-44.

Sterling, E., "General Ventilation Requirements For Control of Odor and Particulates from Environmental Tobacco Smoke In Office Buildings," Submission to ASHRAE Standing Standards Project Committee 62: July 14, 1994. [See also: Sterling, E., "Presentation to ASHRAE SSPC 62 at the meeting of June 23-25, 1995 In San Diego, California].

Testimony of Clean Air Device Manufacturers (CADM) at OSHA NPR, #9 -1610, 8/94, Appendix G. Written submission, 10:133, Aug. 1994.

Thayer, W., "Tobacco Smoke Dilution Recommendations for Comfortable Ventilation," ASHRAE Transactions, 2718: 291-304, 1982.

Thornburg, Don, "Filter Testing and IAQ Control: Move Forward". HPAC Engineering, October 1999. pp 54-56.

Turner, S.C., PE., "The Power of Ventilation: An Airport Smoking Area that Works", HPAC Engineering, January, 1999.

Turner, W., PE., "Controlling Tobacco Smoke Emissions in the Indoor Environment", Section 2.5 A Practical Guide to Ventilation Practices & Systems for Existing Buildings, Supplement to HPAC Engineering, May 1999.

US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, ACGH Worldwide. "Proceedings of the Workshop on Ventilation Engineering Controls for Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Hospitality Industry" June 7-9 1998". Edited by Steven E. Guffey Ph.D. CIH.

US EPA, "Residential Air-Cleaning Devices, A Summary of Available Information," EPA 400 1-90-002, Feb. 1990.

Walker, J., et al., "Perceptional and Psychophysiological Responses of Nonsmokers to a Range of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Concentrations," Indoor Air 1997, 7:173-188, 1997.

Walker, James C., et al., "Perceptual and Psychophysiolgical Responses of Non-smokers to a Range of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Concentrations". Proceedings Indoor Air 99, Edinburgh Scotland August 8-13, 1999. pp 173-188.

Yaglou, C., "Ventilation Requirements for Cigarette Smoke," Trans Am Soc Heat Air Cond Eng., 61:25-32,1955.